Pyroxylin
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This article is compiled based on the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) – 2025 Edition
Issued and maintained by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP)
» Pyroxylin is a product obtained by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids on cotton and consists chiefly of cellulose tetranitrate
(C₆H₆N₄O₁₁).
[Note—Dry Pyroxylin is a light yellow, matted mass of filaments, resembling raw cotton in appearance, but harsh to the touch. It is exceedingly
flammable, burning, when unconfined, very rapidly and with a luminous flame. When kept in well-closed bottles and exposed to light, it is
decomposed with the evolution of nitrous vapors, leaving a carbonaceous residue.]
Pyroxylin available commercially is moistened with about 30 percent of alcohol or other suitable solvent. The alcohol or other solvent must be
allowed to evaporate from the Pyroxylin to yield the dried substance described in this Pharmacopeia. Pyroxylin moistened with alcohol or
other solvent may be used in the tests set forth in this monograph, provided the weight of test specimen taken corresponds to the specified
amount of dry Pyroxylin.
Packaging and storage—Preserve loosely packed in cartons, protected from light.
1 Labeling—
The label bears a caution statement to the effect that Pyroxylin is highly flammable.
Viscosity—Rotational Methods 〈912〉—**Dissolve 48.8 g in a mixture of 88 g of alcohol and 193.2 g of toluene, and when solution is complete, add
70 g of ethyl acetate, and mix. Transfer the solution to the cup of a rotational type of viscometer, adjust the temperature to 25°, and determine
the viscosity, making certain that the apparent viscosity reaches equilibrium before taking the final reading: the viscosity is between 110 and
147 poises.
Residue on ignition 〈281〉—**Saturate about 500 mg, accurately weighed, with alcohol in a dish placed in cold water, and ignite the Pyroxylin at the
top. When combustion is complete, heat the dish to redness, and cool: not more than 0.3% of residue remains.
Acidity and water-soluble substances—**Stir 1.0 g with 20 mL of water for 10 minutes, and filter: the filtrate does not have an acid reaction to
litmus. Evaporate 10 mL of the filtrate on a steam bath to dryness, and dry the residue at 105° for 1 hour: not more than 1.5 mg of residue
remains.
