Peanut Oil
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This article is compiled based on the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) – 2025 Edition
Issued and maintained by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP)
1 DEFINITION
Peanut Oil is the fully-rened (alkali-rened, bleached, and deodorized at 230°–260°) oil obtained from the seed kernels of one or more of the cultivated varieties of Arachis hypogaea L. (Fam. Leguminosae). It may contain suitable antioxidants.
2 IDENTIFICATION
A. Identity by Fatty Acid Composition
Analysis: Proceed as directed in the test for Fats and Fixed Oils 〈401〉, Procedures, Fatty Acid Composition.
Acceptance criteria: Meets the composition prole of fatty acids in Table 1
B. Identity by Triglyceride Profile
Analysis: Proceed as directed in Identication of Fixed Oils by Thin-Layer Chromatography 〈202〉, Identication, Method I or Method II.
Acceptance criteria: Meets the requirements in the chapter
3 IMPURITIES
Alkaline Impurities
Sample: 10 mL of Peanut Oil
Analysis: Mix 10 mL of freshly opened acetone and 0.3 mL of water, and add 0.05 mL of bromophenol blue TS. Add the Sample, shake, and allow to stand. Titrate with 0.01 N hydrochloric acid VS to change the color of the upper layer to yellow.
Acceptance criteria: NMT 0.1 mL of 0.01 N hydrochloric acid is required.
4 SPECIFIC TESTS
Fats and Fixed Oils 〈401〉, Procedures, Fatty Acid Composition: Peanut Oil exhibits the composition prole of fatty acids in Table 1.
Table 1
| Carbon-Chain Length | Number of Double Bonds | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| <14 | 0 | ≤0.1 |
| 14 | 0 | ≤0.2 |
| 16 | 0 | 7.0–16.0 |
| 16 | 1 | ≤1.0 |
| 18 | 0 | 1.3–6.5 |
| 18 | 1 | 35.0–72.0 |
| 18 | 2 | 13.0–43.0 |
| 18 | 3 | ≤0.6 |
| 20 | 0 | 0.5–3.0 |
| 20 | 1 | 0.5–2.1 |
| 22 | 0 | 1.0–5.0 |
| 22 | 1 | ≤0.5 |
| 24 | 0 | 0.5–3.0 |
Rancidity
Sample: 1 mL of a solution (1 in 10) of Peanut Oil in ether
Analysis: Shake the Sample with 1 mL of hydrochloric acid, and add 1 mL of a solution (1 in 1000) of Phloroglucinol in ether.
Acceptance criteria: No red or pink color develops.
Fats and Fixed Oils 〈401〉, Procedures, Acid Value: NMT 0.2
Fats and Fixed Oils 〈401〉, Procedures, Peroxide Value: NMT 5.0
Fats and Fixed Oils 〈401〉, Procedures, Unsaponifiable Matter: NMT 1.5%
Water Determination 〈921〉, Method I, Method Ic: NMT 0.1%
5 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Packaging and Storage: Preserve in tight, light-resistant containers, and prevent exposure to excessive heat.
Labeling: Label it to indicate the name and quantity of any added antioxidant. Where Peanut Oil is intended for use in the manufacture of injectable dosage forms, it is so labeled.
Other Requirements: For Peanut Oil intended for use in injectable dosage forms, which is specied in Labeling, the requirements under Injections and Implanted Drug Products 〈1〉, Product Quality Tests Common to Parenteral Dosage Forms, Specic Tests, Vehicles and Added Substances, Nonaqueous Vehicles, must be met.
