Excipients NF
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This article is compiled based on the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) – 2025 Edition
Issued and maintained by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP)
USP and NF Excipients, Listed by Functional Category
In the following reference table, the grouping of excipients by functional category is intended to summarize commonly identified purposes that these excipients serve in drug product formulations. The association of a functional category with a particular dosage form in this table is not absolute and does not limit the use of an excipient to a single type of dosage form or delivery system.
1 Acidifying or Alkalizing Agent
Acetic Acid
Acetic Acid, Glacial Adipic Acid
Ammonia Solution, Strong Ammonium Carbonate Ammonium Chloride Ascorbic Acid
Calcium Hydroxide Citric Acid Monohydrate Citric Acid, Anhydrous Diethanolamine
Formic Acid Fumaric Acid Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric Acid, Diluted Alpha-Lactalbumin
Lactic Acid Maleic Acid Malic Acid
Monoethanolamine Nitric Acid Phosphoric Acid
Phosphoric Acid, Diluted Potassium Bicarbonate Potassium Citrate Potassium Hydroxide Propionic Acid Racemethionine
Sodium Bicarbonate Sodium Borate Sodium Carbonate Sodium Citrate Sodium Hydroxide Succinic Acid Sulfuric Acid Tartaric Acid
Trolamine
2 Adhesive (Pressure Sensitive)
Dimethicone
Polyisobutylene
3 Air Displacement
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
4 Alcohol Denaturant
Denatonium Benzoate
Ethyl Acetate
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Sucrose Octaacetate
5 Antifoaming or Defoaming Agent
Dimethicone
Lauric Acid
Myristic Acid
Palmitic Acid
Simethicone
6 Antimicrobial Preservative
Alcohol
Benzalkonium Chloride
Benzalkonium Chloride Solution
Benzethonium Chloride
Benzoic Acid
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzyl Benzoate
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
Boric Acid
Butylparaben
Butylene Glycol
Calcium Acetate
Calcium Chloride
Calcium Lactate
Calcium Propionate
Cetrimonium Bromide
Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Chlorobutanol
Chlorocresol
Chloroxylenol
Cresol
Dehydroacetic Acid
Edetic Acid
Erythorbic Acid
Ethylparaben
Ethylparaben Sodium
Glycerin
Imidurea
Mandelic Acid
Methylparaben
Methylparaben Sodium
Monothioglycerol Pentetic Acid
Phenol Phenoxyethanol Phenylethyl Alcohol
Phenylmercuric Acetate Phenylmercuric Nitrate Potassium Benzoate Potassium Metabisulfite Potassium Sorbate Propionic Acid
Propyl Gallate Propylene Glycol Propylparaben Propylparaben Sodium Sodium Acetate Sodium Benzoate Sodium Borate
Sodium Dehydroacetate Sodium Lactate Solution Sodium Metabisulfite Sodium Propionate Sodium Sulfite
Sorbic Acid Sulfur Dioxide Thimerosal Thymol
Zinc Oxide
7 Antioxidant
Ascorbic Acid Ascorbyl Palmitate
Butylated Hydroxyanisole Butylated Hydroxytoluene Citric Acid Monohydrate Erythorbic Acid
Fumaric Acid Histidine
Hypophosphorous Acid Lactobionic Acid
Malic Acid Methionine Monothioglycerol
Potassium Metabisulfite Propionic Acid
Propyl Gallate Racemethionine Sodium Ascorbate Sodium Bisulfite
Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate Sodium Metabisulfite
Sodium Sulfite Sodium Thiosulfate Stannous Chloride Sulfur Dioxide Thymol
Tocopherol Tocopherols Excipient Vitamin E
Vitamin E Polyethylene Glycol Succinate
