Antimony Pentachloride
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This article is compiled based on the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) – 2025 Edition
Issued and maintained by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP)
SbCl5 299.02 CAS RN®: 7647-18-9.—Clear, reddish-yellow, oily, hygroscopic, caustic liquid. Fumes in moist air and solidifies by absorption of one molecule of water. Is decomposed by water; soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and in chloroform. Boils at about 92° at a pressure of 30 mm of mercury and has a specific gravity of about 2.34 at 25°. [Caution—Antimony pentachloride causes severe burns, and the vapor is hazardous.]
Assay (SbCl ): Accurately weigh a glass-stoppered, 125-mLflask, quickly introduce about 0.3 mL of the test specimen, and reweigh. Dissolve with 20 mL of diluted hydrochloric acid (1 in 5), and add 10 mL of potassium iodide solution (1 in 10) and 1 mL of carbon disulfide. Titrate the liberated iodine with 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate VS. The brown color will gradually disappear from the solution, and the last traces of free iodinewill be collected in the carbon disulfide, giving a pink color. When this pink color disappears the endpoint has been reached. Each mL of 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate is equivalent to 14.95 mg of SbCl : not less than 99.0% of SbCl is found.
Sulfate (Reagent test, Method II): Dissolve 4.3 mL (10 g) in the minimum volume of hydrochloric acid, dilute with water to 150 mL, neutralize with ammonium hydroxide, and filter. To the filtrate add 2 mL of hydrochloric acid: the solution, 10 mL of barium chloride TS being used, yields not more than 1.3 mg of residue, correction being made for a complete blank test (0.005%).
Arsenic: Add 10 mL of a recently prepared solution of 20 g of stannous chloride in 30 mL of hydrochloric acid to 100 mg of specimen dissolved in 5 mL of hydrochloric acid. Mix, transfer to a color-comparison tube, and allow to stand for 30 minutes. Any color in the solution of the specimen should not be darker than that in a control containing 0.02 mg of arsenic (As), which has been treated in the same manner as the test specimen, when viewed downward over a white surface (0.02% of As).
Substances Not Precipitated By Hydrogen Sulfi de (as SO ): Dissolve 0.90 mL (2 g) in 5 mL of hydrochloric acid, and dilute with 95 mL of water. Precipitate the antimony completely with hydrogen sulfide, allow the precipitate to settle, and filter, being careful not to transfer much of the precipitate to the filter paper. (Retain the precipitate.) To 50 mL of the filtrate, add 0.5 mL of sulfuric acid, evaporate in a tared porcelain crucible to dryness, and ignite at 800 ± 25° for 15 minutes. (Retain the residue.) The weight of the ignited residue should not be more than 0.0010 g greater than the weight obtained in a complete blank test (0.10%).
Iron〈241〉, Procedures, Procedure 1 (CN 1-Jun-2023) : To the residue from the test for Substances Not Precipitated By Hydrogen Sulfide add 2 mL of hydrochloric acid and 5 drops of nitric acid, and evaporate on a steam bath to dryness. Take up the residue in 2 mL of hydrochloric acid, and dilute with water to 47 mL: the solution shows not more than 0.01 mg of Fe (0.001%).
Other Heavy Metals (as Pb): Dissolve the precipitate on the filter paper from the test for Substances Not Precipitated By Hydrogen Sulfide, with 75 mL of a solution containing 6 g of sodium sulfide and 4 g of sodium hydroxide dissolved in and diluted with water to 100 mL. Collect the filtrate in the original flask containing the remainder of the sulfide precipitate. Warm the solution to dissolve the soluble sulfides, and allow the insoluble sulfides to settle. Filter, wash thoroughly with hydrogen sulfide TS, and dissolve any precipitate remaining on thefilter paper with 10 mL of hot diluted hydrochloric acid. Dilute thefiltrate with water to 50 mL. Neutralize a 25-mL portion of this solution with 1 N sodium hydroxide, and add 1 mL of 1 N acetic acid and 10 mL of hydrogen sulfide TS. Any brown color should not exceed that produced by 0.05 mg of lead ion in an equal volume of solution containing 1 mL of 1 N acetic acid and 10 mL of hydrogen sulfide TS (0.005%).
