Allopurinol Tablets
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This article is compiled based on the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) – 2025 Edition
Issued and maintained by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP)
Allopurinol Tablets contain not less than 93.0 percent and not more than 107.0 percent of the labeled amount of allopurinol (C5H4N4O).
Packaging and storage—Preserve in well-closed containers.
USP Reference standards 〈11〉—
USP Allopurinol RS
Identication—Extract a quantity of finely powdered Tablets, equivalent to about 50 mg of allopurinol, by trituration with 10 mL of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide. Filter, acidify the filtrate with 1 N acetic acid, collect the precipitated allopurinol (allow 10 to 15 minutes for sufficient precipitation to occur), wash the precipitate with 3 mL of dehydrated alcohol, in portions, and nally wash with 4 mL of anhydrous ethyl ether. Allow to dry in air for 15 minutes, then dry at 105° for 3 hours: the residue so obtained meets the requirements for the Identification test under Allopurinol. Dissolution 〈711〉—
Medium: 0.01 N hydrochloric acid; 900 mL.
Apparatus 2: 75 rpm.
Time: 45 minutes.
Standard stock solution—Prepare a stock solution by transferring about 40 mg of USP Allopurinol RS, accurately weighed, to a 200-mL volumetric ask. Add 10 mL of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, sonicate for about 2 minutes, shake by mechanical means for about 10 minutes, dilute with Dissolution Medium to volume, and mix.
Standard solution—Dilute the Standard stock solution with Dissolution Medium to obtain a solution having a concentration similar to that expected in the solution under test.
Procedure—Determine the amount of C5H4N4O dissolved by employing UV absorption at the wavelength of maximum absorbance at about 250 nm on ltered portions of the solution under test, suitably diluted with Dissolution Medium, in comparison with the Standard solution. Tolerances—Not less than 75% (Q) of the labeled amount of Allopurinol Tablets is dissolved in 45 minutes.
Uniformity of dosage units 〈905〉: meet the requirements.
Assay—[Note—Do not allow the Mobile phase to remain in the column overnight. After performing the procedure, ush the system with water for not less than 20 minutes, and then ush with methanol for 20 minutes.]
Mobile phase—Prepare a ltered and degassed 0.05 M solution of monobasic ammonium phosphate.
Internal standard solution—On the day of use, dissolve about 50 mg of hypoxanthine in 10 mL of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, shake by mechanical means until dissolved (about 10 minutes), dilute with water to 50 mL, and mix.
Standard preparation—On the day of use, transfer about 50 mg of USP Allopurinol RS, accurately weighed, to a 50-mL volumetric flask, add 10 mL of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, shake by mechanical means for 10 minutes, dilute with water to volume, and mix. Transfer 4.0 mL of this solution and 2.0 mL of Internal standard solution to a 200-mL volumetric ask, dilute with Mobile phase to volume, and mix. Assay preparation—Weigh and nely powder not fewer than 20 Tablets. Transfer an accurately weighed portion of the powder, equivalent to about 50 mg of allopurinol, to a 50-mL volumetric ask, add 10 mL of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, shake by mechanical means for 10 minutes, add water to volume, and mix. [Note—From this point, conduct the remainder of the Assay without delay.] Filter, rejecting the rst 10 mL of the filtrate. Transfer 4.0 mL of the ltrate and 2.0 mL of Internal standard solution to a 200-mL volumetric ask, dilute with Mobile phase to volume, and mix.
Chromatographic system (see Chromatography 〈621〉)—The liquid chromatograph is equipped with a 254-nm detector and a 4-mm × 30-cm column that contains packing L1. The ow rate is about 1.5 mL per minute. Chromatograph the Standard preparation, and record the peak responses as directed for Procedure: the relative retention times are about 0.6 for hypoxanthine and 1.0 for allopurinol; the resolution, R, between the analyte and internal standard is not less than 5; and the relative standard deviation for replicate injections is not more than 3.0%. Procedure—Separately inject equal volumes (about 15 µL) of the Standard preparation and the Assay preparation into the chromatograph, record the chromatograms, and measure the responses for the major peaks. Calculate the quantity, in mg, of allopurinol (C5H4N4O) in the portion of Tablets taken by the formula:
2.5C(RU /RS )
in which C is the concentration, in µg per mL, of USP Allopurinol RS in the Standard preparation; and RU and RS are the peak response ratios of allopurinol to hypoxanthine obtained from the Assay preparation and the Standard preparation, respectively.
